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Prevent
Bites from Mosquitoes, Ticks,
Fleas and other Insects and Arthropods
To
reduce the possibility of being bitten by insects or arthropods
that can transmit diseases (vector-borne), such as malaria, dengue,
and tickborne encephalitis (TBE), you should―
- Use
an insect repellent on exposed skin to repel mosquitoes, ticks,
fleas and other arthropods. EPA-registered repellents include
products containing DEET (N,N-diethylmetatoluamide) and picaridin
(KBR 3023). DEET concentrations of 30% to 50% are effective
for several hours. Picaridin, available at 7% and 15 % concentrations,
needs more frequent application.
- DEET
formulations as high as 50% are recommended for both adults
and children over 2 months of age. Protect infants less than
2 months of age by using a carrier draped with mosquito netting
with an elastic edge for a tight fit.
- When
using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first and then repellent.
Repellent should be washed off at the end of the day before
going to bed.
- Wear
long-sleeved shirts which should be tucked in, long pants,
and hats to cover exposed skin. When you visit areas with
ticks and fleas, wear boots, not sandals, and tuck pants into
socks.
- Inspect
your body and clothing for ticks during outdoor activity and
at the end of the day. Wear light-colored or white clothing
so ticks can be more easily seen. Removing ticks right away
can prevent some infections.
- Apply
permethrin-containing (e.g., Permanone) or other insect repellents
to clothing, shoes, tents, mosquito nets, and other gear for
greater protection. Permethrin is not labeled for use directly
on skin. Most repellent is generally removed from clothing
and gear by a single washing, but permethrin-treated clothing
is effective for up to 5 washings.
- Be aware
that mosquitoes that transmit malaria are most active during
twilight periods (dawn and dusk or in the evening).
- Stay
in air-conditioned or well-screened housing, and/ or sleep
under an insecticide treated bed net. Bed nets should be
tucked under mattresses and can be sprayed with a repellent
if not already treated with an insecticide.
- Daytime
biters include mosquitoes that transmit dengue and chikungunya
viruses and sand flies that transmit leishmaniasis.
Source
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Global Migration
and Quarantine
http://www.cdc.gov/
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